What does it look like when trauma is multilayered and complex, affecting us across our development?
When we think of trauma, many of us are familiar with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). But there’s another form of trauma-related condition that’s gaining recognition: Complex PTSD, or C-PTSD. While both conditions share similarities, Complex PTSD has unique features that set it apart. Let’s explore what Complex PTSD is, its symptoms, and how it affects those who experience it.
What is Complex PTSD?
Complex PTSD is a mental health condition that develops after prolonged or repeated exposure to traumatic events, especially those that occur in childhood or within relationships. Unlike traditional PTSD, which often results from a single traumatic incident, C-PTSD is linked to ongoing trauma such as abuse, neglect, domestic violence, or captivity.
Key Symptoms of Complex PTSD
While C-PTSD includes many of the symptoms of PTSD—such as flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety—it also involves additional symptoms that reflect the complexity of long-term trauma:
Emotional Dysregulation: Individuals may struggle to manage their emotions, experiencing intense feelings of anger, sadness, or emptiness.
Negative Self-Perception: People with C-PTSD often feel worthless, guilty, or ashamed, and may have a persistent sense of failure.
Difficulty with Relationships: Trust issues, fear of abandonment, and trouble maintaining healthy boundaries are common.
Distorted Perceptions of the Abuser: Survivors may feel a preoccupation with their abuser, including feelings of powerlessness or a sense of connection.
Loss of Meaning: A sense of hopelessness or feeling disconnected from the world can occur.
How is Complex PTSD Different from PTSD?
The main difference lies in the cause and the range of symptoms. PTSD typically follows a single traumatic event, while C-PTSD results from repeated or long-term trauma. The symptoms of C-PTSD are broader, affecting self-identity and relationships in profound ways.
Treatment and Recovery
Healing from Complex PTSD can be challenging, but recovery is possible. Treatment often involves trauma-focused therapy, such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Rapid Transformational Therapy (hypnotherapy), Shame Resiliency Therapy, Mindful Self-Compassion and support groups. Building a strong support network and practicing self-care are also important steps toward healing.
Complex PTSD is a serious and often misunderstood condition, but with the right support and treatment, individuals can reclaim their lives. If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of C-PTSD, reaching out to a mental health professional is a vital first step.
Emily Arth is an expert in the treatment of C-PTSD.
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